To Find Work You Love, Don’t Follow Your Passion (with a Giveaway!)

(What I'm Reading, No. 3)
By Phoebe Farag Mikhail

In this post I’m reviewing Cal Newport’s compelling book, “So Good They Can’t Ignore You: Why Skills Trump Passion in the Quest for Work You Love.” I will be giving away one free copy of the book; to enter the giveaway, all you need to do is subscribe via email to my blog. If you are a current subscriber and would like to enter the giveaway, send me an email at listenlearnactandreflect (at) gmail (dot) com with the subject, “June giveaway.” I will accept entries until June 30^th, randomly select a winner, and notify the winner by email by July 6^th. Unfortunately, at this time I can only ship to US addresses.

“So, what’s your dream job?” I remember being taken aback by this question when I first started my job search after college. Every informational interview, and even some full-fledged job interviews, included this question. How was I supposed to know what my dream job was? I had already changed my mind three times about the field I wanted to get into. I’m sure I came up with some passable answer, but my answer was definitely a dream because I don’t even remember it. In the year 2000, there were jobs galore in the US, and we graduates had the luxury and misfortune of believing that the perfect job was out there for us if we could dream it. It was the decade of dot.com start ups, so those who “followed their passion” could easily find an investor. Fast forward over a decade later, and many college graduates are dreaming just to have a job, any job. And yet, according to Cal Newport’s book, So Good They Can’t Ignore You, the “follow your passion” advice is still common in career counseling—and it is bad advice.

I mention pursuing your passion as one possible direction to take while looking for work in my popular blog post, Unemployment Opportunity, but with a very important caveat – one must have the necessary skills and resources to make economic success out of it. In Newport’s book, he calls this “building career capital,” an essential element for finding work you love. Strengthening key skills does two things: it actually increases passion because passion for your work often comes with mastering your skills (not before); and it builds the “career capital” necessary to gain more resources and autonomy and lead the life you want to lead.

One of the most useful chapters I found in this book is the chapter “Becoming a Craftsman,” which discusses a type of discipline known as “deliberate practice.” Newport writes, “if you just show up and work hard, you’ll soon hit a performance plateau beyond which you fail to get any better … deliberate practice might provide the key to quickly becoming so good they can’t ignore you” (p. 85). Newport uses examples of master chess players, musicians, and screenwriters to explain how they used deliberate practice to excel in their fields and end up doing work they love. This involves not just setting aside enough time to practice, but eliciting sometimes painfully critical feedback to continue to improve their craft. The skill that these craftsmen needed to deliberately practice was very clear (chess, guitar playing, writing), but Newport provides steps for determining how all workers can actually determine for themselves what “craft” they need to deliberately practice in order to become “so good they can’t ignore you.” Newport himself schedules as much time as he can for deliberate practice in his own work as a computer science professor at Georgetown University. You can read more about his work on his blog Study Hacks.

Newport does not extensively address external factors that affect workers, such as other colleagues, and issues like workplace and hiring discrimination. In his quest to disprove the “passion mindset,” he also does not address enough how personal interests, abilities and talents do play a role in finding work you love. That being said, I found this book very empowering, challenging the reader to work rightly first, instead of looking for the “right work.”

I read the chapter on “mission” with great interest, since this is a common word used in non-profit work. Newport, however, uses this word in regard to individual careers: “To have a mission is to have a unifying focus for your career,” he writes. “It’s more general than a specific job and can span multiple positions … People who feel like their careers truly matter are more satisfied with their working lives, and they’re also more resistant to the strain of hard work” (p.152). In case you confuse “mission” with “passion,” Newport spends the rest of the chapter talking about how to make mission a reality in one’s working life, and his examples show that it takes some time building career capital in order to formulate that mission. Newport provides one example from the life of evolutionary biologist Pardis Sabeti, but I wish he would have included other examples, especially those of social entrepreneurs (David Bornstein’s book, How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas highlights some very inspiring stories).

Although Newport wrote this book for a US context, I found that it is actually quite applicable to people working in emerging markets like India, China, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, and Egypt. Emerging markets have smaller markets than the US and thus fewer available jobs, the advice in this book would help workers in these markets to stand out even more than they would in the US, where there is more competition. This is in stark contrast to the “passion” mindset, which can only be applied in larger markets where there are more job opportunities and more diversity of industries, thus lending more credence to the (bad) idea that your dream job is out there waiting for you if you can just figure out your passion.

Who should read this book? I find it a great resource for anyone wanting to improve their professional lives, anyone sensing a “plateau” in their careers, as well as anyone just starting out, making it an excellent gift for students graduating from college or graduate school.

Do you love your work? What about it makes you love it?

It's Illegal

Many have found my "Unemployment Opportunity" post useful, so I'll be continuing this theme, hoping to provide information helpful to the many of us that are searching for work. Today, I'm very pleased to share a guest blog from Tiffany Willis, who has a wealth of knowledge and experience working with youth and adults in workforce development. Here she shares information about illegal interview questions, and how to respond to them if they come up in a job interview. Please note that these questions are illegal in the U.S. and may not be in other countries, and there are also state to state variations. ~ Phoebe Farag Mikhail

Illegal Interview Questions

by Tiffany Willis

When you go to a job interview, the hiring manager will ask various questions. Obviously, they are trying to get to know you as a person and see if you’ll be a good fit for their position. But there are some questions that can not legally be asked in an interview. In many cases, the interviewer just is not familiar with the law. In other cases, an interviewer may just be disregarding the law. But in either case, you need to be prepared for these questions and have a plan for how you will handle them.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/danieltedcfeliciano/5348850648/

First of all, you don’t have to answer the question. But if you work from the assumption that the employer is just unfamiliar with the law and not intentionally asking illegal questions, there is a possibility that you can handle the situation in such a way that does not sabotage your chance of getting the job. 

Are you Married?

This is a question that is more often asked of women, but men face this challenge also. Employers ask about relationship status because they are usually trying to get a feel for your flexibility. Is this candidate willing to relocate if necessary? They may also be asking for your future plans for children. They may be thinking This is a young woman (or man) who may want children in the near future. Are we going to hire her only to have to lose her to pregnancy or caring for children. 

What they can legally ask is “Are you willing to relocate?” or “Are there any hours or days that you can not work?" A suggested answer is to not answer the question directly but to say “I have a very flexible schedule and can work whatever hours are required of me.” Be sure to be direct and honest about when you can and can not work.

Do you have children?

Again, it seems that this question is more often asked of women, but men need to be aware also. If an interviewer asks you this question, what they are wondering is “Is this candidate going to be calling in because she has to care for sick children?” Or “Is this candidate going to be able to travel and work irregular hours if needed.” This question could also be disguised with "Do you have a family?"Again, look at the intent behind the question. A suggested answer would be to say “I don’t have anything that will keep me from fulfilling the job requirements.” If you can travel, add that. If not, be honest about it. If you are the primary caregiver of young children and can not travel, you need to know up-front if the job you’re applying for requires travel.

What is your race or ethnicity?

Interviewers are not allowed to ask where you were born or what your ethnicity is. What they can ask if you are legally authorized to work in the United States on a full-time basis. If you are asked about your race, color, religion or national origin, understand that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from making employment decisions based on these factors. If you are asked about your race, or an unusual name, or something about your dress or appearance that may indicate a specific ethnicity, a suggested way to handle this is by politely asking "Is  this a question that's relevant to the position?"

How old are you?

People in the workforce are pushing back retirement age, either due to the financial need to continue working or the feeling of reward that comes from staying active in the workforce. As this happens, more and more people in the workplace are people who, in the past, were likely have been retirees. The good news is that interviewers are not allowed to ask you your age during an interview. The only age-related question they can legally ask is "Are you over the age of 18?" Keep in mind that the EEOC's Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 only protects workers who are 40 years old and older from age discrimination and in workplaces with 20 or more employees.

 You have a few options on how to answer illegal questions.

• Just answer the question. If you don't mind providing the information, you can do so. Remember that you should only do this if you are comfortable with the information being out there. Whether intentional or not, giving the information can affect you getting the job.
• You can refuse to answer the question. It is your right to refuse to answer illegal questions. Simply saying "I'm not comfortable answering that" or using one of the suggested answers is advisable. 
• Look at the intent behind the question. What do they really want to know? If you are flexible and able to travel? If you are asked if you have children, for example, you can say “If you are asking if I’ll be reliable or if I’m able to travel, the answer is yes." Help the employer by rephrasing their illegal question into a legal one. This will have the further benefit of demonstrating your poise and professionalism.

EEOC

If in the end, you feel that your legal rights have been violated with the intent to use your answer as a basis for a hiring decision, you have the option of calling the EEOC. Laws can vary slightly by state, but the EEOC recommends that you file a charge of discrimination if you feel you have been discriminated against on the basis of the following:

• Race
• Ethnicity
• Gender
• Religion
• National origin
• Age 
• Disability

You can contact your local EEOC office. To find your local branch, go to the EEOC "Filing a Charge" website: www.eeoc.gov. There are time limits by which you must file a complaint and this information is available online or at your local EEOC office. 

In conclusion

Illegal questions can add stress to an interview, but being informed will help you to maintain your confidence.

Guest blog by Tiffany Willis

Tiffany is a National Workforce Institute Certified Workforce Expert. She worked in the field of Workforce Development for 10 years with adult and youth job seekers. To stay on top of topics she discusses, subscribe to her public updates on Facebook, follow her on Twitter, or connect with her via LinkedIn. 

Unemployment Opportunity

By Phoebe Farag Mikhail

An airline recently posted 300 flight attendant job opportunities. It received 22,000 applications. If you were one of those applicants, I think you can rest assured that if you didn’t get the job, it’s not about you.

That’s small comfort when you might still be unemployed, or have recently lost a job, and are desperately trying to find new work to support yourself and your family. I come across people every day struggling to find jobs in the current market, and I can see the fatigue in their eyes.

Here is some good news, however, that is about you:

Unemployment is an opportunity. It’s an opportunity for you to reflect on your current career track and job search, take stock, and consider some changes that might make you more successful in your quest for work. The Nonprofit Professionals Group recently posted an article “Time to Stop and Think,” with some great questions to ask both during a job search and mid-career. Taking the time to reflect, instead of barreling ahead sending resumes – or being despondent about an unsuccessful job search – has many beneficial outcomes. 

Reflection on your job search process may lead you to:

1-      Change your search process. It may not be effective to simply send resumes to open positions posted online or in the newspaper. Depending on your field, you may need to literally go door to door with your resume, or focus more on building your network through events and informational interviews.

2-      Change your course. Perhaps there is no longer enough market demand in your current field. You may need to branch off into a different type of job that uses the same skills you have, but in a different context. It may also be time to consider doing some affordable professional development, or even a new certification in a more marketable field. Community colleges are great places for affordable certificates in up and coming fields.

3-      Pursue your passion. My friends John at TaDah! Foods and Mimi at Shadow Chic started their respective business while on hiatus from entirely different careers. They both had been nursing those dreams for years, and the time off from work gave them the freedom to explore new opportunities.

4-      Change your perspective. You may not want to start your own business. You may not have the resources or skills to make economic success out of your passion (this post by Study Hacks explains why that may be a wise decision). You may need a job, any job, to make ends meet right now, even if it has nothing to do with your training or previous career track. And the way the current economy in the U.S. is going, you may need to stick with an unfulfilling job that you may not like, possibly with a boss or colleagues you despise, for a while. You’ll need to find fulfillment in other aspects of your life, by devoting more time to family and friends, volunteering, and hobbies.

 Have you recently come out of a period of unemployment? Did you find it an opportunity? How helpful do you find this advice? Please share in the comments below.